Prior to the arrival of European settlers, the area now known as Texas already had a very rich history. Known as the Pre-Columubian era, the time period prior to the European settlement was one that was dominated by three major indigenous cultures. According to archeological research, each of these cultures had reached their developmental peak before European explorers arrived.
The three indigenous cultures that called the Texas area home prior to European settlement included:
* The Pueblo - originating from the upper Rio Grande region and centered west of Texas
* The Mount Builder - originating from the Mississippi Valley region and centered east of Texas
* The Mesoamerica civilizations - centered south of Texas
The Paleo-Indians, which may be linked to both the Folsom and Clovis cultures, also lived in Texas from 9200 through 6000 B.C. As a nomadic people, the Paleo-Indians are known to have hunted bison and mammoths. During the 3rd millennium B.C., a changing climate in the Texas region lead to the extinction of giant animals. Yet, during this time period, the population within the area still managed to increase.
Shortly after 500 B.C., Native Americans living in the East Texas area started to settle in villages. At this time, farming became more prominent. In addition, the first burial mounds began to appear at this time. By the eight century, the manufacture of pottery was developed and the bow and arrow started to be used in the region.
Although many different cultures were represented in the Texas area during the Pre-Columbian era, no one culture dominated the area that is now known as Texas. Some of the Native American tribes that inhabited this area include:
* Alabama
* Apache
* Atakapan
* Bidai
* Caddo
* Coahuiltecan
* Comanche
* Cherokee
* Choctaw
* Coushatta
* Hasinai
* Jumano
* Karankawa
* Kickapoo
* Kiowa
* Tonkawa
* Wichita
While some of these tribes were friendly, others were warlike. As such, the tribes that existed in the Texas area had a significant impact on the fate of European settlers and explorers. Those that were friendly taught these newcomers how to grow crops, how to hunt and how to prepare food. Warlike tribes, on the other hand, made it difficult for settlers and explorers with their continual attacks and the resistance they created.
Today, only three Texas Native American tribes are recognized by the federal government. These include the Alabama-Coushatta Tries of Texas, the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas.
Ryan Lynch works for a real estate team that helps buyers and sellers with Condos in Austin. His team also specializes in the Spring Condos as well as the 360 Condos in the downtown area.
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