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The seeds of pine and maple trees; and the seeds of burgrass and thistle. This parakeet species traveled great distances foraging for food, and its movements may have been nomadic. Budgerigar parakeets in Australia exhibit similar behavior today, traveling large distances in search of food and water. As its natural food sources became scarce when land was cleared for agriculture, this parakeet switched its diet to cultivated crops. It raided grain stores and decimated fruit orchards of apples, pears, cherries, and grapes. By becoming an agricultural crop pest, the parakeet exacerbated its decline, and large numbers were shot by farmers.
The Carolina parakeet was also known to visit saline soil deposits, often along river banks. There they extracted salts and minerals from the soil deposits. Such behavior is still seen today in the large macaw and Amazon parrot populations of South America. Scientists theorized that such mineral feeding helps the birds to remove plant toxins from their bodies and provides birds with the minerals needed in their diet. The seeds of cocklebur,a favorite Carolina parakeet food, are known to concentrate plant toxins.
The nesting habits of the Carolina parakeet were poorly understood. It remains unclear whether the species nested in spring or summer, but one can speculate that the timing of the nesting cycle was tied to food availability; hence, when widespread, populations may have bred at different times of the year. The parakeet nested in the hollow cavities of large trees, some of which were probably excavated by larger species of woodpeckers,and possibly in riverbank holes excavated by kingfishers. The breeding of most parrot populations today is limited by the availability of suitable nest cavities, and the Carolina parakeet most probably suffered the same fate. If old and dead trees were the more likely trees to be logged, parakeet populations faced increasing pressure to find suitable nest sites. Parrot species are categorized by ecologists as "k-selected species."
The characteristics of such species are to be long-lived, to produce few offspring with high parental care, and to have delayed sexual maturity. Therefore, these populations may not show signs of an immediate decline caused by poor breeding and juvenile recruitment,since the adults have high survival rates and live so long.Like most parrots, the Carolina parakeet laid round, white eggs at the bottom of its nest, and the chicks hatched in an altricial state (helpless, blind, with wisps of downy feathers covering their bodies). Very unusual among parrots, however, was the reported communal nesting behavior of the Carolina parakeet (Audubon, 1840-1844), whereby several females laid their eggs into the same nest. The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) of South America is also a communal breeder and occurs in grassland and forest habitats. Each female Carolina parakeet is thought to have laid a clutch of two eggs. The species did breed in captivity in zoos, but in insufficient numbers to produce a sustainable captive population. In captivity,the species had the distinction of being inattentive parents, and chicks often died from neglect-an all too common problem stemming from captivity and poor husbandry knowledge. In the wild, young Carolina parakeets were still fed and cared for by the adults after they had left the nest ("fledged").
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